The Red Shoes
It may be the film that launched a million little girls' dreams of becoming
a ballerina, but Michael Powell's groundbreaking dance fantasy,
The Red
Shoes (1948), originally seemed a risky undertaking. Powell and his erstwhile
filmmaking partner, Emeric Pressburger, were dealing with a form of dance
that tended to scare off the uninitiated, and they aimed to conclude their
picture with a lengthy ballet sequence that ran without dialogue. The
graceful movement of dance itself would, in effect, serve as the final
movement of the narrative, and nobody was certain if such a concept would
play properly on the big screen.
The story opens with Julian Craster (Marius Goring), a fledgling composer,
realizing that his work has been stolen for the Lermontov Ballet's
production of "Hearts of Fire." When Julian confronts the company's
controlling director, Boris Lermontov (Anton Walbrook), Lermontov enlists
him to score his next work,
The Red Shoes. Unfortunately,
Lermontov's star decides to get married, so he re-casts a beautiful young
dancer named Victoria Page (Moira Shearer) in her role.
The Red
Shoes becomes a huge success, and Victoria is suddenly a star. When
Julian and Victoria fall in love, Boris, who secretly pines for the young
woman, kicks Julian out of the company. But Victoria chooses love over art,
and leaves with him.
This will lead to another meeting between Victoria and Boris, and a frenetic
final presentation of
The Red Shoes. Simply calling the event that
befalls poor Victoria melodramatic would be a vast understatement. But its
cinematic grandeur is enough to bring out the 13-year-old girl in any
viewer.
When
The Red Shoes made its British debut, it failed to stir much
excitement. Critics complained that it was way too long, the dialogue was
repetitious, and the characters were cliched. There was also a rumor that
Powell and Pressburger had gone so far over budget, the film threatened to
sink its production company, The Rank Organization (this turned out to be
untrue). When all was said and done, Powell and Pressburger seemed to have
created little more than a highly inventive commercial failure...that is,
until the film started playing in New York City.
For quite some time, no American distributor was interested in releasing
The Red Shoes, seeing how it had fared so poorly in its homeland.
But, when the picture was finally booked into Manhattan's Bijou Theater, it
took off, playing there - and only there - for a staggering 110 weeks! Only
then did Universal Pictures give it a broad release. All the good press
worked wonders back in England, where the picture ultimately found an
audience and became one of the highest grossing films in U.K. history. Too
bad its young star wasn't concerned with its eventual success one way or the
other.
Shearer was a ballerina who had been hand-selected by Powell to star in
The Red Shoes, not that it was easy convincing her to do so. In an
interview she gave years later, Shearer said she really wasn't all that
interested in the job, even after she accepted it: "I fought against being
in that film for a whole year, and (Powell) was so angry. He thought I
would sort of fall at his feet and be absolutely thrilled at this great
chance. I was just beginning to do the big classics at Covent Garden, which
was every classical ballerina's dream, and I didn't want to be deflected by
all this."
But Powell kept after Shearer until she relented, although she was
eventually quite disenchanted with both Powell and the filmmaking process. "Michael Powell was obviously very keen about the ballet in an overall way,"
she said, "but he didn't know anything about it at all. He had these sort
of grandiose, filmic ideas of putting every sort of eccentricity into every
character and having everything going on at once." She particularly didn't
care for Powell's handling of Leonide Massine, the real-life
dancer-choreographer who plays a choreographer in the movie, claiming that
Powell had the normally dignified Massine "behaving like a mad jumping
bean." She also complained that the dancers were treated disrespectfully
during filming, with their routines being full of fitful starts and stops
that often made it physically impossible to meet Powell's exacting
demands.
Shearer never found another role to utilize her unique talents (with the possible exception of
The Tales of Hoffman, 1951), even though many were offered including, rather bizarrely, a role opposite Charlton Heston in
El
Cid (1961). But her work in
The Red Shoes, both as an actress and a
dancer of the highest order, remains a sight to behold.
Director: Michael Powell, Emeric Pressburger
Screenplay: Michael Powell, Emeric Pressburger and Keith Winter (inspired by
a story by Hans Christian Anndersen)
Producers: Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger
Cinematography: Jack Cardiff
Editor: Reginald Mills
Music Composer: Brian Easdale
Music Director: Sir Thomas Beecham
Art Director/Costume Design: Hein Heckroth
Choreography: Robert Helpmann
Principal Cast: Anton Walbrook (Boris Lermontov), Moira Shearer (Victoria
Page), Marius Goring (Julian Craster), Leonide Massine (Grischa Ljubov),
Robert Helpmann (Ivan Boleslawsky), Albert Basserman (Sergei Ratov), Esmond
Knight (Livy), Ludmilla Tcherina (Irina Boronkaja), Jean Short (Terry),
Gordon Littmann (Ike), Julia Lang (Balletomane), Bill Shine (Her Mate),
Austin Trevor (Prof. Palmer), Eric Berry (Dimitri), Irene Browne (Lady
Neston).
C-134m. Closed Captioning.
by Paul Tatara
Moira Shearer (1926-2006)
Her contributions to film may have been brief, but for at least one film, Michael Powell's dance opus
The Red Shoes (1948), this elegant, gorgeous redhead became a film icon for her balletic performance.
Sadly, that actress, Moira Shearer, died on January 31 in Oxford, England of natural causes. She was 80.
Born Moira Shearer King on January 17, 1926 in Dunfermline, Scotland. Her father, an engineer, moved the family to Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), where she was pushed into dance lessons by her mother.
After the family returned to Scotland, she received lessons from the legendary Russian dance teacher Nikolai Legat. When she was just 16 she joined the Sadler's Wells Ballet and made her big national debut at 20 as Sleeping Beauty at the Royal Opera House in London.
In 1948, Powell and co-director Emeric Pressburger cast Shearer in the title role of Victoria Page, the young ballerina who sacrifices all for her career.
The plot might have been a touch old fashioned, but the glorious technicolor and Robert Helpmann's florid, dazzling choreography, made this film as exciting on both sides of the Atlantic; and Shearer, complete with lucid beauty and captivating movements, a star.
After the film, Shearer returned to ballet, and following a brief U.S. tour in 1950, she made her second film, again for Powell in
The Tales of Hoffmann (1951). A few more movies followed,
The Story of Three Loves (1953),
The Man Who Loved Redheads (1955), and a third film for Powell, the notorious
Peeping Tom (1960), where she meets a grisly death at the hands of a psychotic photographer (Karl Boehm). Shearer concentrated on stage work afterwards before retiring to raise a family. She is survived by her husband of 56 years, Ludovic Kennedy; a son, Alastair; and daughters, Ailsa, Rachel, and Fiona.
by Michael T. Toole