The Happiness Cage
Brief Synopsis
Cast & Crew
Bernard Girard
Christopher Walken
Joss Ackland
Ralph Meeker
Ronny Cox
Marco St. John
Film Details
Technical Specs
Synopsis
In West Germany, after being released from a U.S. stockade, Pvt. James Reese attends a birthday party for his girl friend Lisa. There, the mercurial Reese assaults one of the women guests and threatens her boyfriend when he objects. Later, as Lisa and Reese lie in bed discussing his belligerent behavior, several MPs arrive to arrest him for accosting the woman at the party. When Reese tries to resist, the MPs break his arm and take him to the hospital prison ward for observation. There, with his cell bugged, Reese is observed by Dr. Frederick and an army Major, who are recruiting subjects for Frederick's experiment on curbing sociopathic impulses. Deciding that Reese fits the profile, they have him shipped to a sanitarium in the country where he is greeted by Lawrence Shannon, the head orderly. Reese is quartered in a room with Lt. Tommy Rhodes, a catatonic black officer whose head is wrapped in bandages, and Sgt. Boford Miles, a Southern country boy who papers the wall over his bed with photos of pin-ups. As Rhodes howls in pain, Miles explains that the lieutenant is dying from stomach cancer and that he himself is dying from lung cancer. When Frederick enters the room to administer a narcotic to dull Rhodes's pain, Reese tries to question him, but the doctor dismisses his queries. That night, while exploring the sanitarium, Reese comes upon a room containing a caged monkey, his head wrapped in bandages, climbing the sides of his cage in distress. Upon returning to his room, Reese finds Miles leering though a pair of binoculars at a nurse undressing. The next day, Frederick and the Major meet with members of Congress who have been funding the project and are now impatient for Frederick's results. In the yard outside, Reese wanders into the woods and is puzzled to discover that the area is patrolled by guard dogs and fenced in by barbed wire. Later, after they see Shannon and Nurse Schroeder wheeling Rhodes away to the operating room on a stretcher, Reese wonders why Frederick is operating on Rhodes' brain to cure his stomach. When Reese asks Frederick why he has been confined to a ward with terminal patients, the doctor explains that he operated on Rhodes's brain in an experiment to stop pain at its source, then adds that Rhodes died on the operating table. Frederick defends his actions by stating that he plans to turn Rhodes's death into something meaningful by finding a treatment for schizophrenia. One day, Anna Kraus, a Red Cross nurse, comes to play checkers with Miles. When Anna kindly offers Reese some cookies, he feels patronized and lashes out at her, making her cry. Now alone with Anna, Miles, who has strong sexual urges, begins to fondle her, and when she begs him to stop and pushes him away, he becomes agitated and brutally rapes her. When Reese returns to his room, he finds Miles calmly reading a comic book. Sensing that Miles has raped Anna, Reese begins to taunt him about it. Miles, who veers between mania and morose depression, becomes enraged and attacks Reese. As the two wrestle on the ground, Miles begins to spit blood, prompting Reese to summon Shannon. Frederick, after examining Miles, diagnoses that he will die within six months, then proposes that the sergeant undergo brain surgery. When Miles demurs, Frederick asks about "Benson," a name Miles has frequently called out in his sleep. Miles confides that Benson served with him in combat, and that when a live grenade landed in their foxhole, Miles pushed Benson on top of it to spare himself. To persuade Miles to agree to surgery, Frederick suggests that by sacrificing himself for the betterment of mankind, Miles will compensate for killing Benson. After implanting a wire into Miles's brain, Frederick attaches feeder wires to the probes coming out of Miles's skull and hands him a button, which when pushed, will activate the circuit. Although Miles is afraid of the results, he pushes the button and is rewarded with a powerful orgasm. Becoming addicted to sexual gratification, Miles continually pushes the button, forgoing sleep and food for sex. When Reese comes to visit Miles, he is appalled by his condition and angrily throws Frederick to the floor. Reese then pulls the probes out of Miles's head, after which Miles keeps pushing the button and squalls like a baby when he receives no response. Furious that Reese is interfering with his project, the Major orders Shannon to confine Reese to his room. Reese smashes the door into Shannon and escapes, but is soon cornered by the guard dogs and captured by Shannon. After Miles dies, the Major pressures Frederick into operating on Reese. Trying to maintain his morality, Frederick refuses unless Reese will consent to the procedure. Soon after, Reese, his head swathed in bandages from the surgery, is given a probe to push. When Reese protests that he never volunteered for the operation, the Major reveals that he tricked Reese into signing the consent form by attaching it to the sheaf of papers he was required to sign upon admittance. When Frederick justifies the surgery by stating that Reese needed treatment for his violent, anti-social behavior, Reese retorts that his behavior defines his uniqueness and is not a disease. Refusing to push the button, Reese challenges Frederick to push it himself, and when the doctor hesitates, the Major grabs the button and presses it, sending Reese falling to the floor with a jolt. Some time later, Frederick and the Major return from Washington, D.C. after presenting Reese, their model patient, to the Congressional committee. The Major, who is soon to be promoted to colonel, introduces Reese at a press conference and explains that before surgery, Reese was a violent, helpless schizophrenic. When a reporter asks Reese how he feels now, Reese, in a zombie-like state, mechanically presses the button and flatly states, "I feel fine, just fine." The major then boasts that every stage of the experiment was a resounding success, and that no fatalities were suffered in the course of the research.
Director
Bernard Girard
Cast
Christopher Walken
Joss Ackland
Ralph Meeker
Ronny Cox
Marco St. John
Bette Henritze
Susan Travers
Tom Aldredge
Birthe Newmann
Claus Nissen
Vibeke Bengtsson
Kathryne Argo
Norman Mackie
Leslie Ogle
Torben Hundal
Soren Steen
Melvyn Ellis
John Zellers
Colleen Meeker
Marsden Wagner
Morten Dryer
Diana Vangsaa
Roland Jourdan
Jorgen Falster
Crew
Tom Aldredge
Anne Ansfeldt
Karen Bentzon
Viggo Bentzon
Svend Breggerborg
Chris Dedrick
Free Design
Ross Gaffney
George Goodman
Al Gramaglia
Belle Halpern
Willy Berg Hansen
Lene Henriksen
Eva Karmark
Sidney Katz
Richard Lewis
Gert Madsen
William Molyneux
Jytte Paabye
Phil Ramone
Ronnie Fox Rogers
Morten Schyberg
Ron Whyte
Svend Wickman
Manny Wynn
Film Details
Technical Specs
Articles
The Mind Snatchers
The sheer oddness of the film is reinforced by the desolate setting and offbeat casting - Joss Ackland as a dangerously egocentric doctor, Ronny Cox as a highly excitable patient suffering from terminal cancer, Ralph Meeker as an unethical army officer who sanctions the use of soldiers for medical experiments and Marco St. John as a bullying, hophead orderly. Not surprisingly, The Mind Snatchers remains highly topical today thanks to a premise which explores the consequences of altering one's personality through drugs and brain surgery. The central character, Private Reese (Walken), becomes the pawn of a totalitarian state, a potential guinea pig for Dr. Frederick's experiments on violent, anti-social behavior. As his future fate at the clinic slowly becomes apparent, the film transitions from psychological drama to horror with science-fiction overtones. Certainly one of the most disturbing scenes in the film (and one that works as pitch black comedy) is when Reese's roommate (Ronny Cox) sends himself into an orgasmic coma by manipulating the pain/pleasure control button on the metal implant in his brain. In a matter of seconds he goes from a novice user to a hopeless addict. It's scenes like this in The Mind Snatchers that raise all kinds of moral issues from the nature of experimental research to the right of the government to alter or tamper with an individual's basic nature, regardless of any prison record or punishable offenses.
The Mind Snatchers was directed by Bernard Girard who is not a familiar name to most moviegoers but he did helm some interesting films - the low-budget juvenile delinquency drama, The Party Crashers (1958) and two cult items, Dead Heat on a Merry-Go-Round (1966), a caper film starring James Coburn, and The Mad Room (1969), a gory remake of Ladies in Retirement starring Shelley Winters. Unfortunately, The Mind Snatchers, easily his most intriguing film, appears to be one of his last.
The DVD edition of The Mind Snatchers is presented in its 1.66.1 theatrical aspect ratio enhanced for 16.9 TVs and looks pretty good, except for some print scratches near the reel change points and the somewhat uneven color (it looks like the 35mm source print was just starting to turn red). As for extras, the disk contains the alternate title sequence bearing the title, The Happiness Cage, plus three theatrical trailers and three TV spots of the movie.
For more information about The Mind Snatchers, visit Image Entertainment. To purchase a copy of The Mind Snatchers, visit TCM Shopping.
by Jeff Stafford
The Mind Snatchers
Quotes
Trivia
Notes
At the time of its initial release in June 1972, the film was reviewed in trade publications and New York newspapers as The Happiness Cage, which is also the title of the play on which it was based. Filmfacts noted that after a brief New York run, the film was retitled and re-released with a new ad campaign as The Mind Snatchers. The title card on the viewed print reads: "The Richard Lewis George Goodman Production of The Mind Snatchers. The 1973 SAR, which was issued at the time of the film's Los Angeles release, also lists the film's title as The Mind Snatchers, as does a November 1972 ad in Hollywood Reporter.
Before the credits roll, the film opens with a scene in which "Pvt. James Reese" is watching a caged monkey. This scene is repeated later in the film, after Reese is arrested and sent to the sanitarium. The film closes with a photograph of a Newsweek magazine cover featuring a monkey with a probe inserted into the top of its head. The magazine cover is superimposed over an image of Reese, accompanied by the written explanation: "In 1954, two Canadian scientists discovered that the brain contained areas of pleasure and pain. Since then, in research institutes, hospitals, and sanitariums all over the world, electrical wires have been placed into the brains of guinea pigs, rabbits, monkeys...and humans."
A November 1951 Hollywood Reporter news item noted that The Happiness Cage finished twenty-nine days of filming at Rygaard Castle outside of Copenhagen and Filmfacts added that scenes were also shot in New York. Tom Aldredge, who appears as the "Medic" in the film, directed the play on which the film was based. Ronny Cox, who appears as "Miles," and Bette Henritze, who appears as "Anna Kraus," reprised their roles from the original play. Several reviews compared the film's brainwashing experiments to those of Stanley Kubrick's film A Clockwork Orange.
Miscellaneous Notes
Released in United States 1972
Released in United States 1972